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Specific challenges:
– Waves, storm surges, tides, tsunamis, sea level changes, sea water, and the marine ecosystem pose challenges.
– Metocean conditions like local wind and wave climate are crucial.
– Bathymetry and morphological changes are of direct interest.
– Studies of sediment transport require knowledge of sea bed sediments, water, and ecosystem properties.
– Coastal engineering projects often require information on hydrodynamic quantities.

Long and short waves:
– Wave phenomena like sea waves, swell, tides, and tsunamis require engineering knowledge.
– Models, both numerical and physical, play a crucial role in understanding wave phenomena.
– Wave loading on coastal structures is a key consideration.
– Wave-induced currents affect sediment transport and morphodynamics.
– Wave agitation in harbors can lead to downtime.

Underwater construction:
– Coastal engineering often involves underwater construction at the interface between land and water.
– Foundations for structures like breakwaters, sea walls, jetties, and bridges involve underwater work.
– Harbour structures like wharves, docks, tunnels, and causeways also require underwater construction.
– Underwater work is essential for the stability and longevity of coastal structures.
– Engineering solutions for underwater construction are critical for coastal development.

Sustainability and soft engineering:
– Non-structural solutions are favored by coastal engineers to avoid adverse impacts caused by structures.
– Solutions like beach nourishment, marsh restoration, and habitat restoration are gaining popularity.
– Beneficial use of dredge material is employed to nourish beaches and wetlands.
– Regional sediment management strategies focus on using nearshore sediment sources to bolster erosional areas.
– Scarcity of material resources offshore and upland is a key consideration in sustainable coastal engineering.

Regional sediment management:
– Focus strategy for coastal practitioners to manage sediment sources and coastal morphology.
– Identifies accretional features to harvest material to bolster erosional areas.
– Dredging ebb and flood shoals to nourish beaches is a common practice.
– Recognizes the scarcity of material resources offshore and upland.
– Aims to adapt to sea level rise by utilizing available sediment sources.