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**Damp Proofing Methods and Materials:**
– Damp proofing methods include damp-proof course (DPC) and damp-proof membrane (DPM).
– Integral damp proofing in concrete and surface suppressant coatings are used.
– Materials for damp proofing include butyl rubber, hot bitumen, plastic sheets, mastic asphalt, and impervious brick.
– Stones, waterproofing compounds, and continuous plastic sheets are common materials used in damp proofing.

**Damp Proofing in Masonry Construction:**
– DPC materials like slate or plastic are placed in mortar between bricks.
– DPC is used in both outer and inner walls of masonry cavity walls.
– DPC in outer walls prevents saturation above ground level.
– Inner wall DPC is below floor level or above concrete floor slab.
– Rigid plastic with cavity trays is used in commercial construction for damp proofing.

**Damp Proofing in Concrete Walls and Floors:**
– Concrete requires a vertical vapor barrier to prevent moisture transmission.
– Coatings like asphalt or elastomers are applied to exterior concrete.
– Rubberized asphalt or EPDM rubber membranes are effective in damp proofing concrete.
– Rubberized products perform better in preventing cracks in concrete.
– Membranes ensure concrete cracks do not compromise damp proofing.

**Remedial Damp Proofing and Causes of Damp Walls:**
– Impermeable materials applied later can cause damp issues in older buildings.
– Solutions for dampness include addressing rising damp, condensation, and more.
– Causes of damp walls include poor ventilation, leaking pipes, rising damp, condensation, and penetrating damp.
– Bridging of the damp proof course can lead to internal dampness issues.
– Damp stains on walls in older buildings are often due to external factors like leaking gutters and poor drainage.

**Treating and Preventing Dampness:**
– Treating damp walls involves identifying the source, repairing leaks, improving ventilation, using damp-proof paint, and installing a damp-proof membrane.
– Preventing dampness includes maintaining gutters and downspouts, sealing cracks in walls, properly ventilating bathrooms and kitchens, using a dehumidifier, and insulating walls to prevent condensation.