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**Historical Background of Environmental Engineering**
– Etymology of ‘environmental’ and ‘engineer’
– Practice of environmental engineering in early civilizations
– Advancements in water control systems by ancient civilizations
– Development of sewer systems and aqueducts by ancient civilizations
– Emergence of modern environmental engineering in the 19th and 20th centuries

**Environmental Engineering in Ancient Civilizations**
– Modification of environmental conditions by early civilizations
– Advanced water control systems of the Indus Valley Civilization
– Drainage systems and sanitation facilities in various ancient civilizations
– Aqueducts and sewer systems in ancient Greece and Rome

**Modern Era and Academic Aspects of Environmental Engineering**
– Evolution of environmental engineering from Rome to the 19th century
– Implementation of the first major sewerage system in London
– Impact of drinking water and sewage treatment on waterborne diseases
– Establishment of environmental engineering as an academic discipline
– Educational programs and specializations in environmental engineering

**Technical Aspects of Environmental Engineering**
– Various technologies used in wastewater treatment
– Components and functions of a wastewater treatment train
– Importance of primary clarifier, aeration basin, and tertiary biological nitrogen removal system
– Development of air pollution dispersion models
– Evaluation of pollutant concentration and management of vehicle exhausts and industrial emissions

**Regulatory Framework and Environmental Impact Assessment**
– Role of regulatory agencies like the US EPA
– Collaboration between regulatory agencies and environmental engineers
– Mission of protecting and improving environmental quality
– Environmental impact assessment principles and mitigation measures
– Initiation of environmental assessment in the US in 1970 and careers in environmental engineering and science