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**Existing Megastructures:**

– The Great Wall of China: 6,352km long.
– The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras: Cover 10,360 sq km.
– Skyscrapers: Represent cutting-edge large structure engineering.
– The Large Hadron Collider: Has a 27km circumference ring.
– Networks of roads and cities: Not typically classified as megastructures.

**Proposed Megastructures:**

– Atlantropa: Proposed hydroelectric dam at the Strait of Gibraltar.
– The Trans-Global Highway: Aims to link all inhabited continents.
– Cloud nine: Proposed tensegrity sphere for habitation.
– The Line: 170km-long smart city project in Saudi Arabia.

**Theoretical Megastructures:**

– Stellar scale megastructures: Aim to harness energy from stars.
– The Alderson disk: Theoretical disk-shaped structure for habitation.
– Dyson spheres: Aim to encapsulate stars for energy use.
– Matrioshka brains: Use concentric Dyson spheres for computing.
– Stellar engines: Extract energy from the temperature difference in space.

**Stellar Scale Megastructures:**

– Dyson shell: Surrounds a star for energy utilization.
– Shkadov thruster: Propels a star through space.
– Topopolis: Rotates to provide artificial gravity.
– Ringworld: Rotates to create artificial gravity.
– Dyson swarm and Dyson bubble: Related Dyson structures.

**Planetary and Orbital Scale Megastructures:**

– Bishop Ring: Orbits a star and has an open sky.
– Globus Cassus: Envisions transforming Earth into a larger artificial world.
– Shellworlds or paraterraforming: Create breathable atmospheres.
– Gravitational balloons: Create hollow shell worlds.
– Pressure-supported shell worlds: Maintain their structure.